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PERMANENT MIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA - AN OVERVIEW BY ELIGIBILITY CATEGORY On this page: INTRODUCTION Australia's population of over 21.5 million (ABS 2008) is culturally diverse, with origins in over 200 nations. This diversity is largely the result of migration. Today around 44 per cent of all Australians were either born overseas or have at least one overseas born parent (ABS 2006). This article will review the recent trends in migration to Australia, specifically with regard to a migrant's visa class category. It aims to provide a broad description of Australia's permanent migration program, as well as presenting the changes in patterns of migration by eligibility category.

Using the latest available migrant statistics, data will be included on the migration program including the major streams of Family and Skill, the Humanitarian program as well as New Zealand citizens. Focus is also given to the granting of onshore residence outcomes. A variety of data were used in the preparation of this article, most of which is available from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) website:.

BACKGROUND Over the past 60 years Australia's population has increased from about 7 million, at the end of World War II (with around 90 per cent of people born in Australia) to over 21.5 million in September 2008 (with around 75 per cent born in Australia) (DIAC, Fact sheet 4). This population growth has been achieved through natural increase (i.e.

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The excess of births over deaths) and net overseas migration (NOM, i.e. The number of people permanently arriving into the country minus those permanently departing). While natural increase has been the main source of population growth through most of the 20th century, net overseas migration now contributes over half of Australia's population growth (ABS 2008).

The expansion of Australia's economy over the past 15 years has been associated with a need for a greater pool of skilled labour (RBA 2007). This has resulted in the planned intakes of the migration program reaching record levels. Blaupunkt paris rcm 104 manual. The focus of this program has shifted from family and reunion migration to economic and skilled migration.

This trend is reflected in the changing proportions of visa grants (outcomes) with respect to the major visa categories with Skilled visas accounting for 68% of the 2007-08 Migration Program and Family visas, 31%. These changes will be the focus of discussion in later sections. In a global context, demographic shifts, demand for labour and resources means that Australia is competing for migrants. In addition, there has been a rise in temporary and cyclical migration as migrants move to where the work is. The growth of temporary migration and particularly the conversion to permanent residency of those already in Australia, has been one of the major changes in migration patterns in recent years (Parliament Library 2005). Onshore residence outcomes will be discussed later.

IMMIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA Immigration to Australia is administered by the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) and entry into the country is broadly divided into two separate programs, Permanent and Temporary. All applicants for migration are assessed against the requirements set out in the Migration Act 1958 and Migration Regulations and these programs regulate the flow of people allowed entry into Australia.

An exception to the planned program are New Zealand (NZ) citizens who enter using a Special Category Visa (SCV), introduced in 1994. The level of NZ entrants is not capped under the planning levels but entrants are included as permanent additions and settler arrivals to Australia, as long as there is an intention to settle for 12 months or more.

Whilst this article presents data relating to NZ settlers in the Permanent Migration totals, the focus is largely on the Migration and Humanitarian programs. In all cases of data relating to migration, the individual applying for entry into Australia is regarded as the primary applicant. It is the primary applicant that must satisfy the conditions of the visa being applied for, according to the Migration Regulations. A secondary applicant is a member of the family unit of the primary applicant, i.e.

Their spouse, an interdependent partner, a dependent child or a dependent relative of the primary applicant or spouse. In terms of counting 'grants' or 'arrivals', the primary applicant and any accompanying secondary applicants are categorised under the primary applicant's visa category. For example, for a family in which the primary individual is granted a Skilled visa and the applicant has a spouse and two dependent children, this will be reported as four skilled grants in the migration program outcomes data. Similarly when they reach Australia there are an additional four settler arrivals on a skilled visa. For more on this topic see, a related article in this series.